![]() Limitations: The precise information of transabdominal ultrasound for determining the post-void urine volume is mixed, though many studies show high certainty with the use of transabdominal. Measurement calculated using this method is standard because it is fast and easy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ĭhildren lower urinary tract dysfunction nomogram post-void residual urine urinary tract infection. The formula is post-void volume length x width x height x 0.52. Repeating PVR test is recommended when a single PVR is higher than the 95th percentile of age- and gender-specific PVR. For children aged ≥7 years, a single PVR >20 ml or 15% BC, or repetitive PVR >10 ml or 6% BC can be redefined as elevated.Īge, gender, and BC should be taken into considerations at interpretation of PVR tests in children. For children aged ≤6 years, a single PVR >30 ml or >21% BC, or repetitive PVR >20 ml or >10% BC can be regarded as elevated. Multivariate studies showed that PVR was positively associated with BC, negatively associated with age, higher in boys than girls, and higher in abnormal uroflow patterns. The 95th percentile of Single-PVR for all children was 27.2 ml, or 19.2% of bladder capacity (BC), while that for Dual-PVR were 11.2 ml or 6.0% of BC, respectively. Totally, 1,128 children (583 boys and 545 girls) with a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years were eligible for analysis. Children with possible urinary tract infection or lower urinary tract dysfunctions were excluded. The first PVR and the lower value of the two consecutive PVRs of each child with a voided volume ≥50 ml were included for construction of Single- and Dual-PVR nomograms. Healthy children aged 4-12 years were enrolled for two sets of uroflowmetry and PVR. To establish the first age- and gender-specific nomograms for single and two consecutive tests for post-void residual urine (PVR).
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